The Book 1776 by David McCullough Essays - 1324 Words

Throughout history, Americans have sought to spread the spirit of equality, which is believed to be the realization of true freedom. Before establishing this freedom, every American had only one question stuck in their head: What is freedom? Our country received it in the year of 1776 from the British through a series of difficulties and wars. African Americans defined it as an escape from slavery, while immigrants defined it as their acceptance into a new society. More yet, women of the women’s suffrage defined their freedom as their recognition into society and for their rights to be equal to that of every other man. These different perceptions of cultures/groups in America tied together to form an American view of freedom. Freedom is†¦show more content†¦The American Identity, one that defines us all, would therefore be our courage and devotion among all other emotions to stand up for our rights, independence, and our freedom. The War of 1812 signified a military conflict between the USA and the United Kingdom of Great Britain. It’s known for many things, but the most memorable event in this period was the writing of the Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key. His devotion to his country and inspiration to do anything for freedom led him to write this song, which eventually became our national anthem. He once said, â€Å"It seemed as though mother earth had opened and was vomiting shot and shell in a sheet of fire and brimstone.† (Francis Scott Key) The feeling that came across Scott’s being was a realization of true freedom. Both sides of the war had suffered losses, but America gained an ability to sail and trade freely. Freedom shed light once again. Probably the most re-known civil rights movement was the struggle for former slaves to attain freedom. Among these slaves was one who not only freed herself, but also freed a numerous amount of other slaves that she encountered. This woman is known to us all as Harriet Tubman, but was known by the slaves as a â€Å"saint† who helped them get their freedom. As said by Richard in Black Boy, â€Å"My life as a Negro in America had led me to feel...that the problem of humanity was more important than bread, more important than physical living itself; for I felt that without a commonShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book 1776 By David Mccullough1816 Words   |  8 Pages1776 by David McCullough Book Review 1776, a non-fiction historical book, is written by two-time Pulitzer Prize winner David McCullough. The book revolves around the American Revolution, hence the title 1776, and it accurately shows the course of actions that have taken place in that year. 1776 is displays how America became an independent nation and what the individuals during that time had to go through to gain access to freedom and liberty. The Continental Congress approved the Declaration ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1776 By David Mccullough Essay2114 Words   |  9 PagesThere is a fascinating book called 1776 by David McCullough; which is his tenth Book he has written on the subject. In this exciting novel he describes several significant issues that George Washington had to overcome to secure his ultimate victory in 1783. The book also describes the first year of the American Revolution, specifically the triumph of Boston and the failure at New York. The lack of morale while the war waged on, which affec ted the ability of the troops to fight. Then a hugely successfulRead More1776 by David Mccullough Book Summary Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review on: 1776 by David McCullough The Non-Fiction Historical Book 1776 By David McCullough is a historically accurate and in depth view of The American Revolution; starting from The Battle of Bunker Hill, Boston, Brooklyn, New York, Fort Washington, and ending its Analysis at the Battle of Trenton in 1776. There are many fascinating features, trends, themes, and characteristics used in 1776 that make the book a fluent and enjoyable read. Also the book gives a very detailed and informativeRead MoreAnalysis Of 1776 By David Mccullough1288 Words   |  6 Pages In his book 1776, David McCullough animates the events and people who fought for American freedom in a new light, bridging a gap between the past and the present. The events described in the novel encompasses the beginnings of the American Revolution during the year of the Declaration of Independence and, instead of putting the main focus on certain events or battles, McCullough emphasizes how the people involved may have felt throughout hardships, triumphs, and loss. In 1776 we see historicalRead MoreEssay on 1776 Book Review 11153 Words   |  5 PagesHistory 1301 April 1st 2012 McCullough, David. 1776. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005, 386 pp. Word Count- 1157 David McCullough’s novel 1776 is a compelling story of America’s war for independence. We have all read chapters and heard the related history of the war of 1776, but David McCullough takes the epic story even further. The book covers the entire year of 1776 from the beginning of the war until the end. The author provides an extremely detailed description of both sides ofRead MoreDavid Mccullough s Life And Many Significant Events Of The Time1044 Words   |  5 Pages1776-David McCullough In 1776 renowned author David McCullough highlights the life and many significant events of the time. Most of the events of 1776 are set in areas like Boston and New York in the Eastern Seaboard. 1776 follows Washington through his triumphs and defeats of the Revolutionary War and gives a detailed description of Washington’s background. The style in which McCullough writes in makes this book simpler and easier to understand. McCullough gives a detailed-although sometimes biased-perspectiveRead MoreGeorge Washingtons 1776: The Battle of Dorchester Heights1111 Words   |  5 Pagesages.† setting the stage for David McCullough’s book, â€Å"1776†, a historical narrative that avoided academic debates. His thesis being a tight narrative focused around the Continental Army and their leader George Washington. McCullough continued his popular writing techniques of character building by tracing the roads, reading the books, and seeing the houses of his key cha racters as they would have in their lifetimes. These techniques can be seen in his many list of books such as: â€Å"Path between theRead MoreThe Year Of 1776 By David Mccullough1242 Words   |  5 PagesMartin AP US History 14 October 2015 1776- David McCullough The year of 1776 is the most famous year, not only in the Revolutionary War, but in America’s history as well. In this best selling book, 1776, David McCullough decides to not focus so much on the continental congresses, but instead George Washington and his men’s experiences. This is about how the United States of America almost did not even exist and the War of Independence was nearly lost. McCullough is a very well known author and historianRead More1776 Book Report781 Words   |  4 PagesThe book 1776 by David McCullough tells the story of the military aspects of the American Revolution. McCullough writes the book from both the British and American point of views, creating a better understanding of what both sides were undergoing during the war. Not only does he have a degree from Yale, but McCullough has also been awarded with the nations highest civilian award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In addition to this, he has been awarded the Pulitzer Prize twice. He has also writtenRead MoreAmerican History: The Year Was 17761173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we think of years in American history that stand out most, 1776 is the first that comes to mind. It was a very eventful yet remarkable year for American colonists. Colonists who went from being faithful subjects of the British rule under King George III, to fighting that same nation for their freedom. American colonists faced a number of very difficult problems at this time. They were undermanned and under armed, fighting one of the largest organized military powers in the world. How can

Case Analysis Essay - 1493 Words

Case Analysis II: Utiliscan Webster University Abstract: â€Å"Human resources (HR) issues commonly experienced by employers today include diversity, productivity, training, benefits and outsourcing. How each business deals with its specific human resources issues depends on the HR manager or director as well as company policy†(wiseGEEK, n.d.). Utiliscan is currently facing challenges similar to those of other companies. Some of their challenges include hiring, compensation, advancement opportunities, training, benefits, and retaining people. There is also a struggle with developing a program that would improve employee’s performance and level of engagement. To try to get a better handle on how to address the challenges, Utiliscan†¦show more content†¦Employees would not only be responsible for completing the training sessions that pertains to their job and department, but also for other areas throughout the company. Employees would specify other areas of interest during their performance review. This would no t only broaden employee’s knowledge but also it would give them additional skills making their chances for advancement stronger. No matter which training program an employee participates in, there will be a test given upon completion. Each employee would have to pass the test with a 70% or better to receive credit for the training. â€Å"American businesses spend nearly $134 billion on employee development each year — but it could be wasted, new research suggests, if businesses don’t also provide chances to move up the ladder† (Brooks, 2011). According to the employee survey, 89% of the employees believe that there are no opportunities for promotion. It would be essential that those who are in upper management understand that if there is a lack of career advancement within the company, then spending excess money on the training programs would be a waste of money. Employees are more likely to leave the company if they fell that there are no advancemen t opportunities. This in turn means that the time and money spent training the employees would be considered as an unnecessary expense. To avoid this type of scenario, a plan needs to beShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Case Analysis : Case Study2888 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: CASE ANALYSIS 1 CASE ANALYSIS 9 Case Analysis (Author’s name) (Institutional Affiliation) Introduction The case is about Modrow Company, the subsidiary of Tri-American Corporation based in Canada. The branch has 1000 employees whose primary function is fabricating aluminum. The advantages of Modrow are its locationRead MoreImp Case Analysis739 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Æ' 1. Would a TNA be needed in this situation? Why or why not? If yes, who would you want to talk to? Training Needs Analysis is a formal process required for the purpose of identifying the training gap that is in existence and its related training need. Considering the IMP case analysis, training needs analysis is required since there are different sectors within the organization which require an individual to possess the necessary skills to perform the expected work within that department. InRead MoreCase Analysis: Dave Armstrong (a)648 Words   |  3 PagesOrganisational Behavior Case Analysis: Dave Armstrong (A) Case Summary: This case is about Dave Armstrong, a 29 year old second year MBA student of Harvard Business School. Immediately after his graduation from a small liberal arts college in Texas, he started working for Thorne Enterprises as a computer Programmer. After eighteen months in the job, he quit to go into life insurance business in Amarillo. He applied to Harvard Business school but hadn’t considered what he would do, once acceptedRead MoreHow to Prepare and Present a Case Analysis5797 Words   |  24 PagesPART 6 Strategic-Management Case Analysis How to Prepare and Present a Case Analysis CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the case method for learning strategic-management concepts. 2. Identify the steps in preparing a comprehensive written case analysis. 3. Describe how to give an effective oral case analysis presentation. 4. Discuss special tips for doing case analysis. Oral Presentation— Step 1 Introduction (2 minutes) Read MoreBussiness Analysis: The Affinity Plus Case Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In this case analysis the company Affinity Plus will be examined. Affinity Plus recently implemented a new control system. The implication of this new control system resulted in more employee latitude. The consequence of this new system was that resources and time of the organization were used in excess of what was supposed. To solve this problem, MOE (Member, Organization, and Employee) was introduced as a guideline of the chronological sequence that should be taken into account whenRead MoreCase Analysis : You Get What You Put In1015 Words   |  5 Pages6. Case Analysis – You get what you put in A recurring theme that I noticed in COMM 101 was the emphasis on the application of class concepts in the real world. The case analyses often touched on the core teachings and truly tested my knowledge by requiring me to apply everything that I had learned thus far. To be quite honest, it was a rough awakening to university, as I knew my performance was below my regular standards; it reflected my personal effort. A key takeaway from the individual assignmentsRead MoreA Typical Design : Summative Case Analysis1211 Words   |  5 PagesA Typical Design: Summative Case Analysis Luis Navarro, Jr. Southern New Hampshire University A Typical Design: Summative Case Analysis Formulating a concise and effective design can often be exacting to an organization and of an industrial and organizational (I-O) (e.g., organizational consultant, or OC) practitioner/psychologist. This is especially true when an organization is attempting to initiate a program focus on individual development, specifically to address translation ofRead MoreEssay about week 6 case analysis705 Words   |  3 PagesWeek 6 Case Analysis MKTG 301 1. Harris told Houston that he needed a couple of weeks to think about his proposal. How should Houston handle this? Harris is using what is called a time objection also known as stalling technique. In this particular case study Harris already has the need fulfilled by a different supplier and while they have had a few late deliveries Harris need to determine if it worth going through all of the work to get set up a new vendor. The time objection is oftenRead MoreTerracog Case Analysis2219 Words   |  9 PagesTerraCog Case Analysis Part 1 Analysis The situation of dysfunction during meetings in TerraCog is obvious. Both the participants and the facilitator don’t play professional in the meetings and they don’t have necessary communication with others before the meeting. All these poor performances make all meetings which are described in the case study has very low efficiency and cause so much negative emotion amount team members. Primary and secondary tensions Primary tension comes from the unfamiliarityRead MoreCase study analysis paper1396 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Case Study Analysis Amanda Zuber COMM215 JEANNINE BUCKLEY Case Study Analysis June 16, 2014 Executive Summary ABC Inc. hired 15 new employees with the intention of starting the orientation on June 15. Carl has only six months experience and has made several critical errors. This may have been created due to lack of qualifications, training, or overstating of qualification on Carl’s resume. Due to this, certain tasks were not addressed in a timely manner. Four problems are readily

Essay about Canadian Human Rights - 847 Words

Human Rights Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many people and nations around the world are deprived of human rights. The government in the countries or nations usually can not help the people being deprived. Either because the government is too poor to, it is not one of the things the government is looking into, or the government does not know or care. Because of this certain people, or even whole populations are denied human rights and their living conditions and way of life are usually not on the positive side of things. There are many wealthier countries trying to help but sometimes that is not enough. To what extent should Canada have a role in working to increase human rights protection in other nations?†¦show more content†¦Not even a year later nearly every right of the Jewish people was eliminated, and hundreds of thousands of Jewish people were killed or tortured. Thankfully, the Jewish people and the country of Germany were liberated, and most rights were brought back to affect, because of other countries helping. After the event of WWII the United Nations was created, including Canada, England, France and others, it was created to make and maintain human rights throughout the world. Sometimes the only thing that needs fixing is a new government. But war is not needed to improve and increase human rights in other nations. Even with out war there are still nations and people without human rights; it just needs to be noticed. There are many charities to help towards human rights that Canada contributes to greatly. Including UNICEF Canada, Salvation Army Canada and Red Cross. These charities focus on mainly living rights. The charities contribute mainly food, clothing and medicine. Those are only two given rights. Although it is help for people to live their lives, it does not give them more rights, it is not a solution to increase their human rights and protect them. Lately Canada has done a lot with the United Nations in protecting human rights, including communicating with countries and organizations to increase the rights of women and children. There have been many improvements to their rights and conditions; political prisoners have been freed from the trapShow MoreRelatedThe Current Canadian Human Rights Act2161 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The current Canadian Human Rights Act was issued in 1977 to ensure equal opportunities for Canadian employees in the working environment. The main goal is to stop discriminatory practices. According to the Canadian Human Rights Act (1977) itself, these practices can be â€Å"based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of whichRead MoreDoes the Canadian Charter Effectively Protect our Human Rights?636 Words   |  3 Pagesconstitution, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is an important law that affects every Canadian’s rights and freedoms. It was created in 1981 by former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to provide legal protection for the most important rights and freedoms. These rights include fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, mobility rights, and legal rights. Most but not all articles included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are protected in the constitution. However, if a Canadian feels thatRead MoreThe Documentary About Nevsun, A Canadian Mining Company For Granting Forced Labor And Abuse Of Human Rights913 Words   |  4 PagesThe documentary is about Nevsun, a Canadian mining company for permitting forced labor and abuse of human rights in Bisha mine in Eretria. The documentary is prepared and presented by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Fifth Estate in February 2016. The film meshes well with the unfortunate miseries that civilians have to endure under the aristocratic regime of President Isaias Afwerki. The film is incredibly mind boggling and captivating in disclosing felonious activities by the Nevsun in collaborationRead MoreThe Canadian Human Rights Act2027 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction Discrimination is â€Å"an action or decision that treats a person or group negatively for reasons such as their race, sex, age or disability† (Ministry of Justice [DOJ], 1985). Under the Canadian human right act, there are 11 grounds a person may be discriminated against. These include race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability and a conviction for which a pardon has been granted or a record suspended (DOJ,Read MoreCanadian Human Rights Case Study735 Words   |  3 PagesCanadian Government Support Systems / Regulations and Resources Available - Ankeen Relevant Legislation It is crucial for employers and Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing employees to understand and comply with the relevant government legislation in terms of Employment. Relevant government legislation for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing employees include: the Canadian Human Rights Act, the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, Ontario Human Rights Code, just to name a few.    It is important to recognizeRead MoreChallenges Facing Canadian Organizations1859 Words   |  8 PagesToronto, and Vancouver are rated some of the best cities in the world. There is also Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), which bring us Canadians radio and television broadcasts the news, music, and entertainment. (Schwind, 2010, p. 3) Even though Canada is a leader and a top competitor around the world in regards to business, resources, talent, and innovation, there are still many challenges facing Canadian organizations. In this paper I will discuss the many ways that Canada, from a businessRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1386 Words   |  6 Pagesthis principle by entitling an accused of even the most heinous crimes to civil liberties and processes as not to compromise the criminal trial process. A fair trial is an intrinsic right of all members of society making it fundamental to our being, and is ergo ensured to us all under s.11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights Freedoms. Provided with other preemptive measures to guarantee justice is achieved in the criminal trial proceedings. Additionally, the courts help facilitate an understandingRead MoreThe Charter Of Rights And Freedoms2537 Words   |  11 PagesThis essay will argue the reasons behind the notwithstanding clause remaining within the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In this paper, I will provide reasons as to why the clause should be kept within the Charter beginning with the arguments that it is an essential element in critical policy decisions being made by politicians and it s hard to remove which requires the amending formula to be used if changes are to be made. On the other side, its use in policy can create grave and problematicRead MoreWhy is it that in World War II, the Japanese Canadians were known as the â€Å"enemy† but not the German1000 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is it that in World War II, the Japanese Canadians were known as the â€Å"enemy† but not the Ge rman Canadians? When Japan allied itself with Germany in World War II, the Japanese Canadians were ostracized by society. The exclusion of Japanese Canadians quickly escalated, and soon after the Japanese Canadians were removed from their homes and forced to live in internment camps. The Japanese Canadians had to suffer because their racial identity could be easily identified. The after effects caused byRead MoreThe History of Human Rights in Canada throughout the 20th Century1555 Words   |  7 Pagespeace-loving and good-natured nation that values the rights of the individual above all else. This commonly held belief is a perception that has only come around as of late, and upon digging through Canadian history it quickly becomes obvious that this is not the truth. Canadian history is polluted with numerous events upon which the idea that Canada is a role model for Human Rights shows to be false. An extreme example of this disregard for Human Rights takes place at the beginning of the twentieth-century

Effects of Population Growth in the Philippines - 1957 Words

Chapter 1 I. Introduction Chuchucuhcuh. According to the NSO or National Statistics Office in the Philippines, the population growth as of 2013 is ninety eight million seven hundred thirty four thousand seven hundred ninety eight or 98,734,798 in numbers. It is said that the rate of the population of the Philippines is rapidly growing. Chuchcuchuchu we must know the shape of things to come, this days our country is in the state of growing population which eventuaaly leads to several environmental isues as well as social problems . These threats are very necessary to be addressed, as they will affect people worldwide. It is important that we look at these problems since every human has the ability to prevent future damages and adjust†¦show more content†¦On 1995, the POPCEN was launched, undertaken at the month of September, The data provided the bases for the Internal Revenue Allocation to local government units, and for the creation of new legislative areas. The count was made offi cial by then President Fidel Ramos by Proclamation No, 849 on August 14, 1995, The population was 68,616,536. According to the executive director of the Commission on Population Tomas Osias, the population of the Philippines may reach 101.2 million by 2014. Attempts to introduce a reproductive health law to bring down the population growth rate has been consistently opposed by the Catholic Church, the dominant religion of the country. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines ii. Reasons why Filipino have immense population growth a. Population Tradition of having big families – Filipino prefers to have big family of 6-12 children. They believe that their children will lessen their loneliness during old age, even though half of them become ungrateful. Children are considered priceless gifts of God, more than wealth. b. Question of Gender – parents want to have their first born child to be a boy. They ignore family planning, because they want to have boys as their next child if they have only girls. c. The male macho image – Most Filipino feel that masculinity lies on the ability to impregnateShow MoreRelatedGeography of the Philippines essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesGeography and climate have always had very potent effects on culture. Geography, or the study of relationships between people and locations on Earth, very often shapes the way people live and interact with each other. Climate, or the prevailing weather patterns over time of a region, also has drastic effects on society and cultures, and these statements are especially true in the South East Asian nation of the Philippines. The Republic of the Philippines is an archipelago, or chain of islands, locatedRead MorePopulation Growth in the Philippines1412 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This research paper, Philippine Environment: Trends and Issues, aims to deliver summarized though informative information about our nation’s environment. It aims to inform decision making, research, and discussion on environmental conditions in Philippines, environmental issues of current and ongoing concern, environmental pressures of interest, and changes by drawing together up-to-date environmental data and analysis from both official and trustworthy sources. It also aims to supportRead MoreCultural Influences Of The Philippines1601 Words   |  7 Pages The Cultural Influences of the Philippines SSG Thurber, Michael J. ALC Class: 002-16 Introductory In a few hundred years, traditional Filipino Culture has changed. It went from developed tribes to a more modern day society. In this essay we will be discussing the unique culture of the Philippines and the causes of that culture. Such as, the regional location, growth in population, military conflicts, before and after the Spanish colonization, the Spanish-American War, theRead MoreA Report From The Philippine Statistics Authority ( Psa )1471 Words   |  6 Pagesreport from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), by the year 2045, the Philippine population is projected to increase to 142 million according to the latest 2010 Census-based population projections. Around 50 million people would be added in a span of 35 years. This increase in numbers would take place even if the average annual growth rate is projected to decline significantly, from 1.73 percent during 2010-2015 to 0.65 percent during 2040-2045. The Philippine population grew by 1.9 percentRead MoreEssay on Un employment and Migration in the Philippines1634 Words   |  7 Pagesalone has many diminishing factors for growth and development. The cycle of problems of the country continues to grow which include migration, unemployment, poverty, and underemployment. This paper will aim to illustrate the effects of international migration due to unemployment status. The issue of high unemployment is a great factor in the development of the country and is generally affected by several elements such as lack of job opportunities, population growth, the annual increase in the labor forceRead MoreDeterminants of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Philippines Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesknown for, in the Earth’s atmosphere. Many environmental activists are putting pressures to every facet of society and making them aware about the harm of the continuously increasing carbon dioxide emission that the world is experiencing. The Philippines is already starting to experience sudden extreme changes in its climate and natural disasters that were not as forceful decades back. This does not only reflect negatively on the environment, but also on the economy as these disasters and changesRead MoreEssay on The Phillippines Economy1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Phillippines Economy Over the past few years, the Philippines economy has undergone a remarkable transformation. In the late 80s and early 90s the Philippines were stuck with poor political leadership, economic growth, and slow paced economic development. Today it is recognized globally that the Filipino economy has turned around to produce a positive growth. One of their biggest accomplishments has been the GNP growth rate rise from zero in the early nineties to between 5% and 6%Read MoreRelated Literature -Rh Bill1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe link between population growth and economic development was the subject of intense research from the 1960s to the 1980s. A common view was that  rapid population growth  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ of two percent or higher per year then prevailing in many developing countries – was more likely to hinder than foster economic development. This negative effect operates via reduced child care and  human capital investment, lower household savings for private and public investments, and constraints on allocative efficiency, entrepreneurshipRead MoreMajor Characteristics Of A Philippine Culture1031 Words   |  5 PagesPhilippine Cultural Awareness Culture is the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that is learned through a process of socialization. These shared patterns, identify the members of a culture group while also distinguishing those of another group. Five major characteristics of a Philippine culture include family, beliefs, customs, food, and language. In this essay geography and military conflict history, weather analysis, and civil considerationsRead MoreThe Most Crucial Problem of Philippine: Deforestation1153 Words   |  5 PagesPhilippine Deforestation: Final Paper Deforestation is one of the most crucial problem of the Philippines today, because of poor economic performance, weak polices, legal institutions and government laws, increasing population, poverty, corruption , agricultural expansion and lastly, extensive commercial logging activities. Philippines is a beautiful country rich in its biodiversity and natural resources, the country has 7,107 islands with a land area of 300,000 square kilometers. Unfortunately

Privacy And Surveillance In It Free Essays

The development in Information Technology (IT) plays an important role in the greater interaction and communication of people in various parts of the globe. During the process of communication, the exchange of personal information could not be prevented among people. However, this kind of activity also threaten the privacy of people because the emergence of the Internet and other technological tools have made it possible to have easy access to information even the ones that are consider as private. We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy And Surveillance In It or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being the case, it is important that privacy and surveillance in IT is given due attention. Privacy is defined as â€Å" . . . he interest that individuals have in sustaining a personal space, free from interference by other people and organizations† (Clarke, 1999). Nevertheless, according to Brock Meeks (1999) the privacy of people during this information age is being â€Å"eaten away† and is already dead because of the various means that could be used in order to infringe upon it. Cyberspace is invading the privacy of individuals and this could be seen through spam, cookies, and the clickstream. However, there are also invasion of privacy that could be detrimental to the security of a person like the real-time person-location technologies (Clarke, 1999). Furthermore, ethical issues have also emerged in the exchange of information and communication of people especially in the workplace. Employees are expecting their privacy would be respected in the e-mails that they exchange with other people but this is sometimes not satisfied because of the need of the company to control and monitor the flow of information in the workplace (Weisband and Reinig, 1995). As such, this has become one of the most debated ethical as well as legal issues that need to be addressed. Personal information privacy is the ability to control information about oneself is becoming more important than ever (Millberg et. al, 1995). In relation to this, there are several preventive measures and laws that could be implemented in order to protect the privacy of individuals. Some of the programs that protect the privacy of people in relation with the use of the Internet are: the Privacy Preference Project (P3P) which is a simple automated way of controlling the use of personal information on websites, file encryption, firewalls, and access control systems (Quinn, 2005). The Australian government has its Australian Privacy Act that is mainly responsible in controlling privacy matters in the country (Australian Privacy Foundation, 2009). Moreover, surveillance of the flow of information in the workplace and other organizations is still debatable but it is indeed helpful in protecting the privacy of people against those who would want to have access of their personal information. However, surveillance in IT should also be responsibly used for security purposes only and not to cause harm to other people. How to cite Privacy And Surveillance In It, Papers

Marketing Strategy Southern Ocean Lodge

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy for Southern Ocean Lodge. Answer: Introduction The aim of the report is to develop a clear and concise concept of marketing strategies of an organization. Southern Ocean Lodge, a tourist hotel in Australia has been selected as the case study for this report. A detailed analysis of the market segmentation where this hotel operates shall be done in this report. In order to understand the strategic planning of an organization, it is important to take a note of the market where the organization operates along with the targeted consumers. The business of an organization largely depends on the behavior of the customers. Therefore, it is important that the marketing strategies that an organization undertakes should be based on the behavior of the consumers. Following the findings of the internal and external factors that affect the marketing of this lodge, certain recommendations will also be made in this report. Southern Ocean Lodge is a luxury lodge that offers true luxury and unique experience to its visitors. The lodge is located on Kangaroo Island in Hanson Bay in South Australia. The lodge offers excellence service to its visitors. The lodge located on scrub covered cliffs above the pounding surf; this hotel is a boutique hotel and is an exquisite designer heaven. There are 21 luxurious rooms that the lodge offers and is endowed by lavish King bed and dramatic glass walled bathroom and outdoor terrace (southernoceanlodge.com.au, 2016). The objective of the organization is to provide more than just accommodation to its visitors. Clear and concise description of the market in which the organization operates Southern Ocean Lodge operates at the Hudson Bay on the Kangaroo Island in South Australia. It is one of the important and attractive tourist spot in Australia. Kangaroo Island is the third largest island in Australia. The land belonged to the Australian aborigines but now it is a land open to the Australians. This part is considered as the heaven of the visitors. There are number of holiday resorts in the Island. In the peak seasons of holidays, the number of bookings for the hotel rooms increases by many folds and even situation arises when there happen to be a crisis of the availability of rooms in the hotels and resorts (Ryan 2014). Therefore, it can be easily said that the demand of rooms and lodging is always high and there is a great market for these boutique hotels in this part of the country. A detail description of the market can be made by the means of micro and macro environmental analysis. Summary of the marketing environment Micro environmental analysis: Power of Suppliers The suppliers of a tourist resort that affect the marketing of the organization are the advertising, PR and marketing agency. As commented by Best (2012), that marketing and advertisement help an organization to increase its business. Therefore, the power of these suppliers automatically increases. Power of Buyers The buyers are the prospected consumers or visitors of the hotel. In the view point of Solomon (2014), buyers power is the most impactful criteria in the business. In case of a hotel or a tourist lodge, the demand regarding discount or personalization of the surrounding always remains a criterion. These factors impact the business of a hotel or a tourist lodge. Threats of Substitution Australia and New Zealand are famous for boutique hotels that provide a thematic and personalized experience to the visitors. However, other big hotels and lodges or guest rooms also remain an option for the visitors (Mullins, Walker and Boyd 2012). Threat of New Entrants In the recent situation there remains a threat for opening of new Hotels in Australia like Peppers Docklands Hotel in Victoria, Melbourne; Elements of Byron Bay on the beach at Byron Bay are some of the new projects that might affect the business of Southern Ocean Lodge (Chari et al. 2014). Competitive Rivalry Kangaroo Island Seafront Resort, life Time Private retreats, Ozone Hotel Kangaroo Island and others offer great price in accommodation and other attractive facilities like free Wi-Fi and complementary breakfast to its visitors. Fig: Porters Five Forces Analysis Source: Created by the author Macro environmental analysis: Political Australia is politically stable and the corporate decisions are not changed at a regular basis. In addition to this, the country is also open to FDI and welcomes companies from outside to do business. The government also allows Visa to the prospected visitors or tourists (Green, Whitten and Inman 2012). These factors create a positive implication on tourism industry. Economic Australia has a stable Economic growth and its GDP is higher than major European countries. Cost of living in cities like Victoria or Melbourne is less than other countries worldwide. The currency exchange rate is also favorable (Weidner and Jnicke 2013). The low-cost commercial properties in Australia welcome Asians and others to do business in Australia. It has been also estimated that the capital growth of the country raised by 36% approx (Zarrella 2013). Socio-cultural In terms of the population of Australia, it consists of Anglicon, Roman Catholic, Christian and others. Another important factor that impacts the hotel or the tourism industry is the incoming of tourists (Gabrielsson et al. 2012). Australia is also an important sector for foreign students who come to the country for education purpose. Technological Technologically Australia is equally advanced like other developed countries. People are active on internet and use the social media sites considerably. Any kind of marketing that shall be done using the media shall be very successful. Legal The taxes including corporate tax, goods and services tax, Capital gain tax and other business related taxes that are applicable for the business in Australia impact the tourism business in Australia (Harvey Lemelin et al. 2013). Australia also offers mortgage facility that offers companies from other countries to operate in the country. Environmental Australia naturally has a diverse environment of beaches and seas and mountains as well. It is one the major tourists location that attracts tourists from around the globe. These factors automatically increase the opportunity of tourism and hotel or tourists lodge business (Laidlaw et al. 2014). Fig: PESTLE analysis of Southern Ocean Lodge Source: Created by the author Fig: GDP of Australia Source: (Ruhanen, Whitford and McLennan 2016) Detailed description of how the market is (or may be) segmented The target visitors of the Southern Ocean Lodge Australia are the ones who look for a comfortable and personalized stay at a hotel. The difference between a regular hotel and a boutique hotel is the kind of treatment that the guests receive (Tisdell and Wilson 2012). Therefore, it can be said that the major targeted customers of the lodge are the ones who want a personalized stay. These groups of people might include newlywed couple, tourists and visitors from other countries, people who want to celebrate the special days of their life like anniversary or a success party. It has been found that the students who come to Australia from countries like India, China; they are also the prospected visitors of this lodge (southernoceanlodge.com.au, 2016). The lodge mainly targets those people who visit the Hudson Bay and the Kangaroo Island and the other neighboring places of tourists attraction. The tourists that visit these places are the targeted and estimated that they shall be the visitors of the lodge (Cozens and Tarca 2016). In order to target these groups of people the resort mainly uses the on-site promotional technique. There are big hoardings and banners located at the Kangaroo beach that informs the tourists about the existence of the resort at that location. Apart from this, the resort offers complete description of their business in their website as well. Brief discussion of the behavior of customers in the segment(s) identified As pointed out by Ruhanen, Whitford and McLennan (2016), that every customer is different because of the nature of their behavior. It falls under the responsibility of the marketers of a particular company or organization to understand the behavior of the prospected consumers and design their marketing that shall help to attract the targeted consumers (Haines and McConnell 2016). The expected behavior and liking of the prospected visitors or consumers of the hotel can be described here: Newlywed couples: For a newlywed couple, the first tour or holiday is always special for them. In order to make their holiday memorable, these people tend to look something different than the regular things (Nicholls, Sharma and Saha 2015). Therefore, it is expected that they shall look for a kind of unique experience for their stay. It is for the same reason the resort shall focus on the personalization of their service based on the need and requirement of the clients. Tourists: There are many tourists who visit Australia from various part of the globe. Apart from the beauty of nature that the country offers its visitors, expectations remain high in respect to their stay and level of comfort that they gain in a hotel. Staying in a regular hotel is a common thing that is available in all parts of the world (Airey and Ruhanen 2013). However, New Zealand and Australia are the places that are famous for the boutique hotels and the personalization of stay that some of the hotels here in Australia offer. Therefore, understanding the needs of these tourists is very important because in case of tourism business, word of mouth publicity matters the most. If a person like the treatment received at the hotel, there is a great possibility that the person shall talk good about the resort (Packer, Ballantyne and Hughes 2014). This could be one of the important marketing methods that might help the resort to improve the business. People celebrating special occasion: People who wants to celebrate some kind of occasion such as anniversary, birthday or even a success party always look for a personal place where they shall not be interfered by other people. In such situations, these boutique hotels are preferred by the people (Hardiman and Burgin 2016). Although Southern Ocean Lodge has a limited number of rooms to offer, visitors might use this resort to celebrate their special days and create moment. Others: Other expected people include the students or the parents of these students. The tourism industry of Australia is greatly influenced by the foreign students and the country earns good foreign exchange from these people. In case of the foreign students like the Indians, they like to discover the uniqueness of a particular place (Packer, Ballantyne and Hughes 2014). This attitude of these people might increase the demand of the resorts and boutique hotels. Fig: Tourism statistics in Australia Source: (Abascal, Fluker. and Jiang 2016) Description of the marketing mix being used by the organization to target these segments The marketing mix of the lodge can be narrated by using the 4Ps of marketing: Product Southern Ocean Lodge offers services of staying at the hotel to its visitors. The hotel is a boutique lodge and offers a personalized stay to the visitors. The hotel is famous for its lavish suites and a luxury stay that the visitors enjoy when they select this lodge for their stay (Schweinsberg, Wearing and Darcy 2012). The lodge also offers great cuisine to its guests. Food ranging from continental, Chinese and Western items, the lodge offers a variety of fancy food to their customers (Abascal, Fluker. and Jiang 2016). Apart from the rooms, the lodge also has the facility of a swimming pool and a terrace that adds to the excellence staying experience of the visitors. Place The resort is located at the Hudson Bay in the Kangaroo Island in Australia. It is one of the important tourists destinations in Australia. Both Australians and other tourists or native people are found to visit this place as a part of their recreation activities. In the view point of Amelung and Nicholls (2014), Kangaroo island is the epitome of variety because of the presence of a pristine number of beaches, underground caves, gourmet local food and delicacies along with darling waddled water offers the tourists with the pleasure that one desires. Price The rate of the rooms of the hotel ranges from $ 1,000 to $ 3,900 for a single night stay per person. The rate differs according to the demand and needs of the visitors (southernoceanlodge.com.au, 2016). The price of the lodge is comparatively higher than other local lodges like Kangaroo Island Seaside Inn or the Western View lodge but with the kind of service that the lodge provides to its visitors, the rate does not affect the business of the lodge. Promotion The resort focuses more on on-spot promotion. Advertisements and promotion are mainly outdoor advertisements that include hoardings, banners, kiosks, billboards etc (Schweinsberg, Wearing and Darcy 2012). No promotion based on television commercial is used. The website of the lodge is nicely designed that provides all kinds of information to the on lookers (Moore, Rodger and Taplin 2015). The website also offers booking facility. However, the lodge does not use the social media effectively for its promotional activities. The resort also gives less discounts and offers compared to the other resorts of same genre (Tisdell and Wilson 2012). Fig: Marketing Mix analysis of Southern Ocean Lodge Source: Created by the author Conclusion The analysis of the internal and the external factors that influence the business of the Southern Ocean Lodge has been discussed in the report. It has been found that the prospected customers or the visitors of the lodge are the ones who want special kind of treatment and an experience that they might not have experienced before. The behavior of the identified visitors has also been analyzed and it has been found that the major targeted people are the ones who want to have a personalized experience of their stay. Therefore, any kind of marketing strategy that the lodge shall undertake should target these groups of people and portray the same thing to them. Conducting the market analysis, it has been found that the Kangaroo Island is a famous tourist spot and it attracts many tourists every year. At major time of the year, the lodges and the resorts fail to provide accommodation facility to the tourists. Keeping the same factor in mind, it can be said that there is a greater opportunity for the business to prosper which could give rise to the entrant of a number of new hotels and resorts in the Kangaroo Island. Therefore, the Southern Ocean Lodge might have to face tough competition in the future to attract major visitors or customers to the lodge. By keeping all these factors in mind, certain recommendations can be made that shall help the resort to conduct their marketing process to improve their business. Recommendation for improvements to the organizations marketing effort The prospected market has been recognized and the marketing shall be made on the basis of that. A number of recommendations can be made in this respect. These are: Promotion using social media: The advent and the impact of the social media like Facebook, Twitter cannot be neglected. With the increasing usage of these sites among a large number people, mass marketing can be easily done. It is expected that the lodge must use its Facebook page effectively. The marketing team has to be active enough to promote every activity about the hotel and increase the reach of the publicity to the greatest number of people as possible. Promotion using the search engines: The marketing procedure might include writing of blogs and articles and publish the same in the search engines like Google. If the searching process can be enhanced then there remains great possibility that many people could get to know about the hotel. It is also recommended that these pages shall have a direct link of the web site of the hotel with the help of which a person can directly get access to the website of hotel. Promotion at the foreign market: It has to be understood that there are many visitors who are from other countries like India or European countries. Therefore, marketing about the hotel in the foreign market is also important. The promotional method might be a bit expensive but it could fetch the desired customers that can add to the profit of the business. Promotion by the means of offering discount and packages: One of the important ways to fight against the competitive market is by offering certain things to the customers that other hotels or lodges do not offer to the visitors. The Southern Ocean Lodge should come up with a number of strategies that shall deliver discounts and offers to the visitors of the hotel. This way they can easily attract more customers and fight with the competitors as well. By the use other channels of marketing: In order to attract the local people of the place, the resort might use other channels of marketing. These channels include television advertisement or print advertisements in newspaper and magazines. In the seasons of holiday, the frequency of the advertisement might be increased to attract more tourists. By adopting a number of CSR strategies: One of the key efforts that bring prosperity in the business is by adopting a number of ways to perform corporate social responsibilities. It is recommended that the lodge shall undertake a number of CSR activities like involvement in community development or certain other approaches in the foreign countries like investing in the development of the condition of the people of that country might also act as a marketing tool for the resort. End note: The recommendations made in this report are suggested keeping the complete scenario of the market operation of the lodge. It can be said that there is a great scope of these industry in the market of Australia. If the marketing is done in a proper way, it the lodge can easily gain the required things that shall help the lodge to improve its business. Marketing is an important part of business and cannot be neglected at any cost. It is expected that an organization have to spend a good amount of money in the marketing and promotional part to improve the profit of the business. The same can be applied for this lodge. If the lodge uses the recommended marketing, it shall be prosperous for the resort in future business. References: Abascal, T.E., Fluker, M. and Jiang, M., 2016. Domestic demand for Indigenous tourism in Australia: understanding intention to participate.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, pp.1-19. Airey, D. and Ruhanen, L., 2013. Tourism policy-making in Australia.CAUTHE 2013: Tourism and Global Change: On the Edge of Something Big, p.4. Amelung, B. and Nicholls, S., 2014. Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia.Tourism Management,41, pp.228-244. Best, R., 2012.Market-based management. Pearson Higher Ed. Chari, S., Katsikeas, C.S., Balabanis, G. and Robson, M.J., 2014. Emergent marketing strategies and performance: the effects of market uncertainty and strategic feedback systems.British Journal of Management,25(2), pp.145-165. Cozens, P. and Tarca, M., 2016. Exploring housing maintenance and vacancy in Western Australia: perceptions of crime and crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED).Property Management,34(3). Gabrielsson, P., Gabrielsson, M. and Seppala, T., 2012. Marketing strategies for foreign expansion of companies originating in small and open economies: the consequences of strategic fit and performance.Journal of International Marketing,20(2), pp.25-48. Green, K.W., Whitten, D. and Inman, R.A., 2012. Aligning marketing strategies throughout the supply chain to enhance performance.Industrial Marketing Management,41(6), pp.1008-1018. Haines, F. and McConnell, D., 2016. Environmental norms and electricity supply: an analysis of normative change and household solar PV in Australia.Environmental Sociology, pp.1-11. Hardiman, N. and Burgin, S., 2016. Nature tourism trends in Australia with reference to the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area.Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Harvey Lemelin, R., Powys Whyte, K., Johansen, K., Higgins Desbiolles, F., Wilson, C. and Hemming, S., 2013. Conflicts, battlefields, indigenous peoples and tourism: addressing dissonant heritage in warfare tourism in Australia and North America in the twenty-first century.International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research,7(3), pp.257-271. Laidlaw, M.A.S., Zahran, S., Pingitore, N., Clague, J., Devlin, G. and Taylor, M.P., 2014. Identification of lead sources in residential environments: Sydney Australia.Environmental Pollution,184, pp.238-246. Moore, S.A., Rodger, K. and Taplin, R., 2015. Moving beyond visitor satisfaction to loyalty in nature-based tourism: a review and research agenda.Current Issues in Tourism,18(7), pp.667-683. Mullins, J., Walker, O.C. and Boyd Jr, H.W., 2012.Marketing management: A strategic decision-making approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Nicholls, A., Sharma, R. and Saha, T.K., 2015. Financial and environmental analysis of rooftop photovoltaic installations with battery storage in Australia.Applied Energy,159, pp.252-264. Packer, J., Ballantyne, R. and Hughes, K., 2014. Chinese and Australian tourists' attitudes to nature, animals and environmental issues: Implications for the design of nature-based tourism experiences.Tourism Management,44, pp.101-107. Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M. and McLennan, C.L., 2016. Indigenous tourism in Australia: Time for a reality check.Tourism Management,48, pp.73-83. Ryan, D., 2014.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Schweinsberg, S.C., Wearing, S.L. and Darcy, S., 2012. Understanding communities views of nature in rural industry renewal: the transition from forestry to nature-based tourism in Eden, Australia.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,20(2), pp.195-213. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Tisdell, C.A. and Wilson, C., 2012.Nature-based tourism and conservation: New economic insights and case studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. Weidner, H. and Jnicke, M. eds., 2013.Capacity building in national environmental policy: A comparative study of 17 countries. Springer Science Business Media. Zarrella, D., 2013.The science of marketing: when to tweet, what to post, how to blog, and other proven strategies. Wiley Publishing.

The Competitive Advantage of Industrial Districts Theoretical And Emp

Question: Describe about The Competitive Advantage of Industrial Districts for Theoretical And Empirical Analysis? Answer: 1: Circuit City, an electronic retailer in United States started its operations in 1949 under the name of Wards Company. The said company expanded due to its innovative promotional policies like free in home demonstration, which gave the customers a Television for a night in their house free of charge. The Company soon got popular and expanded its product range from televisions to other electronic appliances with a new retail model under the name of Circuit City supermarket providing discounted rates to customers for electronic appliances compared to their competitors (Wagner Hollenbeck, 2014). However, Circuit City soon lost its competitive advantage as it failed to follow the 4S business model. The 4S business model was based on service, selection, savings, and satisfaction. However, the company failed to maintain its basic business structure by neglecting their well trained staffs. However, the primary reason of the failure of the company was when they laid off 3000 highly paid sales personnels of the company. The said lay off hampered the business model and the former employees of the company helped the competitors (Rothaermel, 2015). To survive in the market, Circuit City should have refrained from laying off their staff managers. The company should have adopted innovative strategies to reduce cost by introducing special discounts, special deals with manufactures. The Company could also shut done unprofitable stores. 2: Competitive Advantage means that an existence of a condition or a circumstance in the market that puts a company over and above in a favourable or a higher business position than its competitors. A company enjoys competitive advantage when it outperforms or introduces certain strategies, which makes the company more preferred by the customers. While buying a particular product from the market, I usually select a product from a company keeping in mind good quality, reasonable price and convenience of a store for buying the same. If a product I desired to buy required after sale services, I would buy a product from the company, which provides efficient and quick after-sale services. However, my choice while purchasing a product primarily based on the quality of the product, which is being offered at a reasonable price. The three products I choose to purchase are as follows: Shoes If I have to purchase a pair of shoes, I usually buy the same from Clarkes as they provide the best quality sole in their shoes, which makes the shoes very comfortable, and worth every dollar, you spend on it (Campbell, Coff Kryscynski, 2012). Cosmetics I usually buy cosmetics from the company called MAC. There is a lot of competition in the market for cosmetics products as multiple companies provide a wide range of products. Therefore, I usually base my decision on a product, priced reasonably in the market. Groceries While purchasing routine groceries, I prefer visiting Wal-Mart as it is close to where I live and it provides multiple choice of routine products under one roof. 3: Samsung Electronics was a mediocre company, which transformed into an international leader when the new Chairman of the Company namely Mr. Lee introduced a new management programme in the company which impacted the internal working environment of the company. Mr Lee suggested to review the management strategies of the company using the Genetic Value Chain Model for Management. The new management strategies introduced the following changes: Staff Management The Company introduced open management in the area of staff management. Open management suggested respecting the innovation and creativity from employees by removal of obstacles in the management chain to enhance the efficiency of the employees (Harrison, Bosse Phillips, 2010). Marketing The Marketing and Design strategies was based on its focus on four fundamental principles. The principles are as follows: Company adopted a customer focus approach, introducing products, which the customers needed. Company realized the importance of well-designed products The products designed by company were simple and efficient Designs were introduced which reflected the customers routine lifestyle Quality Management The Chairman of Samsung introduced the concept of quality management in the internal working of the company to improve the quality of the brand Samsung. Chairman Lee motivated the employees of the company to make a promise to the customer for providing a high quality product and fulfilling the same to create a successful brand (Hemmert, 2014). 4: For many years not, the gasoline engine have been a dominant technology in the automobile industry. However, due to the shortage of fuel availability like petrol and diesel, the gasoline engines may lose its position as a dominant technology in automobiles sector. Also, the introduction of new technologies like hybrid cars has affected the gasoline engines future in the automobile sector. The introduction of electric run cars reduced the dominance of gasoline engine. However, to develop the same, we need to develop infrastructure and advanced facilities. For electrical runs, there is a need for charging stations as the electrical cars available now are capable of running for just 100-200 kilometres without a recharge (Garcs-Ayerbe, Rivera-Torres Murillo-Luna, 2012). Among the car companies, Toyota seems to be influencing the future car technology in the automobile sector. Toyota had initiated the use of petrol -electric in hybrid cars, appreciated by the developed countries globally. It developed a technique, which was a balance between technology and environmental safety (Bagella Becchetti, 2012). With introduction of hybrid cars, the oil companies will observe a loss in demand for oil and thus will have to regulate their pricing, which will reduce the cost of oil products. The car manufactures have to change their infrastructure to manufacture electrical cars. The gasoline stations will have to change to charging stations, which are fully equipped. The consumer will have to let go of their gasoline driven cars and purchase electric cars (Petroski, 2010). Reference List Bagella, M., Becchetti, L. (Eds.). (2012).The Competitive Advantage Of Industrial Districts: Theoretical And Empirical Analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Campbell, B. A., Coff, R., Kryscynski, D. (2012). Rethinking sustained competitive advantage from human capital.Academy of Management Review,37(3), 376-395. Garcs-Ayerbe, C., Rivera-Torres, P., Murillo-Luna, J. L. (2012). Stakeholder pressure and environmental proactivity: Moderating effect of competitive advantage expectations.Management Decision,50(2), 189-206. Harrison, J. S., Bosse, D. A., Phillips, R. A. (2010). Managing for stakeholders, stakeholder utility functions, and competitive advantage.Strategic Management Journal,31(1), 58-74. Hemmert, M. (2014). The business system of Korea.Asian Business and Management: Theory, Practice and Perspectives, 2nd edn. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 219-238. Petroski, H. (2010). Engineering: Technology Plus.American Scientist,98(4), 280-284. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.